UPSC Key: Delimitation, Jnanpith award and SARS-CoV2 virus

Preliminary Examination: Indian Polity and Governance-Structure, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public Coverage, Rights Points, and so forth.

Mains Examination: Normal Research-II : Authorities insurance policies and interventions, Points and challenges pertaining to the federal construction. 

What’s the continuing story: Describing as “unclear and complicated” the promise of Union Dwelling Minister Amit Shah that southern states won’t lose a single seat within the Lok Sabha on a professional rata foundation after delimitation, a Joint Motion Committee for Honest Delimitation (JAC) led by Tamil Nadu Chief Minister MK Stalin handed a decision demanding that the “freeze on Parliamentary constituencies based mostly on 1971 Census Inhabitants needs to be prolonged by one other 25 years”.

Key Factors to Ponder:

• What’s delimitation and why is it wanted (with respect to the precept “One Vote One Worth”) ?

• How is delimitation carried out? 

• How is the Delimitation Fee established? What’s its Constitutional foundation (Articles 82, 170)? What are its compositions and capabilities?

• When was the primary delimitation train carried out? How usually has delimitation been executed prior to now?

• Is the Delimitation Fee’s determination past judicial overview?

• What are Southern States considerations relating to delimitation?

Key Takeaways:

• The gathering of at the very least 4 CMs (Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Kerala and Punjab), Deputy Chief Minister of Karnataka, and senior political leaders from a number of states together with Odisha and Andhra Pradesh, raised a unified voice towards the proposed delimitation course of, arguing it could disproportionately profit the northern, Hindi-speaking states on the expense of the south and another areas.

• The present illustration within the Lok Sabha, frozen since 1971, maintains a steadiness of illustration, however a brand new census-based delimitation might shift political energy to northern states with increased start charges, altering the steadiness in favour of these which haven’t achieved inhabitants management objectives.

• Based mostly on the Census of 1971, the variety of Lok Sabha seats was mounted at 543, which meant that every MP represented roughly 10 lakh Indians. (The variety of Lok Sabha seats was earlier mounted at 494 and 522 after the censuses of 1951 and 1961, respectively.) The Structure (Forty-second Modification) Act, 1976 – handed by the federal government of the Emergency targeted on efforts to regulate India’s inhabitants – froze the variety of Lok Sabha seats till after the primary Census taken after 2000. And in 2002, the Atal Bihari Vajpayee authorities prolonged the freeze till at the very least 2026.

• On the finish of the assembly, apart from demanding a 25-year freeze on the quantity parliamentary constituencies, the JAC decision additionally referred to as for larger transparency within the delimitation course of, necessary session with state governments, and constitutional amendments to guard states with declining inhabitants shares.

From Govt & Politics Web page  “Pitch for 25-yr freeze, federalism panels, Meeting resolutions” 

Key takeaways of delimitation meet hosted by Stalin

1. Rejection of Centre’s ‘imprecise’ assurance: Whereas Union Dwelling Minister Amit Shah not too long ago claimed that southern states wouldn’t lose any seats “on a pro-rata foundation,” Stalin dismissed such an assurance as “politically ambiguous” and missing formal dedication.

2. Resolutions, proposed reforms: The JAC assembly’s last decision referred to as on the Union authorities to halt any delimitation train that punishes states for good governance, arguing that those that have applied inhabitants management measures shouldn’t be penalised. It additionally proposed the formation of a core committee of MPs to counter any strikes that may weaken the federal construction.

3. United entrance for ‘honest illustration’: Telangana CM and Congress chief Revanth Reddy urged the Centre to extend South India’s illustration to 33% within the Lok Sabha (up from the present 24%), arguing that states contributing extra to the GDP ought to have a stronger voice in Parliament.

Do You Know:

• The Election Fee defines delimitation as the method of drawing constituency boundaries for elected our bodies based mostly on the inhabitants in the newest Census. Article 82 of the Structure states that after each Census is accomplished, the allocation of Lok Sabha seats to every state have to be adjusted based mostly on inhabitants modifications.

• Article 81 states there will be not more than 550 members within the Lok Sabha – 530 from states and 20 from Union Territories. It additionally says that “the ratio between (the variety of seats) and the inhabitants of the state is, as far as practicable, the identical for all states”. So, every constituency throughout the nation ought to ideally have the identical inhabitants.

• In Unbiased India’s historical past, delimitation has taken place 4 occasions – 1952, 1963, 1973, and 2002.

• The Structure has offered for an impartial Delimitation Fee each decade to reapportion seats amongst states. The Fee is appointed by the President of India and includes a retired decide of the Supreme Court docket or a excessive courtroom, the Chief Election Commissioner, and the State Election Commissioner.

• As soon as printed, the Fee’s orders are last and, as per the Delimitation Fee Act 1952 and Article 329A of the Structure, has the “full power of legislation and shall not be referred to as into query in any courtroom”.

• The Supreme Court docket in its judgement in July 2024 held that the constitutional courts can overview the orders of the delimitation fee and may also grant applicable treatment if an order is manifestly arbitrary and irreconcilable to constitutional values.

Different Necessary Articles Masking the identical matter:

📍UPSC Challenge at a Look | Census and Delimitation: 4 Key Questions You Should Know for Prelims and Mains

📍Information Nugget | From Articles to Amendments to Fee: All the things you have to learn about delimitation

Earlier 12 months UPSC Prelims Query Masking related theme:

(1) What number of Delimitation Commissions have been constituted by the Authorities of India until December 2023? (UPSC CSE 2024)

(a) One

(b) Two

(c) Three

(d) 4

Earlier 12 months UPSC Mains Query Masking related theme:

What modifications has the Union Authorities not too long ago launched within the area of Centre-State Relations? Recommend measures to be adopted to construct the belief between the Centre and the States for strengthening federalism. (UPSC CSE 2024)

Report on money at residence of Delhi HC decide made public by SC

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide significance and Polity

Mains Examination: Normal Research-II: Separation of powers between varied organs dispute redressal mechanisms and establishments.

What’s the continuing story: Within the first official affirmation that money was discovered on the residence of Delhi Excessive Court docket decide Justice Yashwant Varma when a hearth broke on the market on March 14, the Supreme Court docket Saturday launched an inner inquiry report by the Excessive Court docket. 

Key Factors to Ponder:

• What are the constitutional provisions associated to the Indian Judiciary?

• What’s the Supreme Court docket Collegium, and how does it affect the appointment and switch of judges?  

• What mechanisms are in place inside the Indian judiciary to research allegations towards sitting judges?  

• How does monetary misconduct by a decide have an effect on public belief within the judiciary?  

• How does the steadiness between judicial independence and accountability manifest in circumstances involving allegations towards judges?  

• What reforms might be launched to boost transparency in judicial inquiries, appointments, and disciplinary actions?  

• Is the Indian judiciary coated below the Lokpal and Lokayukta Act, 2013?

• Learn concerning the Nationwide Judicial Appointments Fee (NJAC) Act.

Key Takeaways:

• Within the redacted report, Delhi Excessive Court docket Chief Justice Devendra Kumar Upadhyaya, in a letter  dated March 21, requested Justice Varma to “account for the presence of cash/money” within the room situated in his official bungalow.

• The Supreme Court docket additionally uploaded movies and pictures which Delhi Police Commissioner Sanjay Arora purportedly shared with the Chief Justice Upadhyaya.

• Earlier than making the HC report public, the CJI is learnt to have communicated the choice to a senior member of the Supreme Court docket Collegium.

• Justice Varma, in his official response to Chief Justice Upadhyaya, has denied the allegations. “I might beseech you to bear in consideration that no foreign money was recovered from the premises that we truly occupy and use as a household,” he stated.

• The report was launched hours after Chief Justice of India Sanjiv Khanna constituted a three-member committee to probe the allegations towards the HC decide.

• A launch from the Supreme Court docket stated the Delhi Excessive Court docket Chief Justice “in the meanwhile has been requested to not assign any judicial work” to Justice Varma.

• On Thursday, the Supreme Court docket Collegium had proposed Justice Varma’s switch to the Allahabad Excessive Court docket, his mother or father Excessive Court docket, following a report concerning the discovery of money at his residence when a hearth broke on the market on March 14.

• Extremely-placed sources stated the five-member Collegium unanimously resolved to suggest Justice Varma’s switch after the judges have been apprised a couple of video of the incident.

Do You Know:

• The Nationwide Judicial Appointments Fee (NJAC) Act, which Parliament handed in 2014 however was struck down by the Supreme Court docket the next 12 months, got here up in Parliament final Friday amid media experiences of alleged money restoration from the residence of Delhi Excessive Court docket Choose Yashwant Varma (an inner inquiry report has confirmed the presence of money).

• The NJAC was to comprise the Chief Justice of India (CJI) because the ex officio Chairperson, two senior-most Supreme Court docket Judges as ex officio members, the Union Minister of Legislation and Justice as ex officio member, and two eminent individuals from civil society, one in every of whom can be nominated by a committee consisting of the CJI, Prime Minister and the Chief of Opposition within the Lok Sabha and the opposite can be nominated from the SC, ST, OBC, minority communities, or ladies.

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Earlier 12 months UPSC Prelims Query Masking related theme:

(2) Contemplate the next statements: ( UPSC CSE 2019)

1. The forty fourth Modification to the Structure of India launched an Article putting the election of the Prime Minister past judicial overview.

2. The Supreme Court docket of India struck down the 99th Modification to the Structure of India as being violative of the independence of judiciary.

Which of the statements given above is/are appropriate?

(a) 1 solely

(b) 2 solely

(c) Each 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Earlier 12 months UPSC Mains Query Masking related theme:

Critically look at the Supreme Court docket’s judgment on ‘Nationwide Judicial Appointments Fee Act, 2014’ close to the appointment of judges of upper judiciary in India. (UPSC CSE 2017)

EXPRESS NETWORK

‘A storyteller of hope & mild’: Vinod Kumar Shukla wins Jnanpith award

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide significance

Mains Examination:  Normal Research I: Indian tradition will cowl the salient facets of Artwork Kinds, literature and Structure from historic to trendy occasions.

What’s the continuing story: The eminent Hindi author Vinod Kumar Shukla was on Saturday named the recipient of the 59th Jnanpith Award, India’s highest literary honour. Based on an announcement from Bharatiya Jnanpith committee, Shukla has gained the award for his “simplicity” and “sensitivity”.

Key Factors to Ponder:

• Learn concerning the Jnanpith Award and its historical past?

• What’s the significance of this award?

• Who was the primary recipient of the Jnanpith Award?

• What’s the strategy of choice?

• What are the contributions of Vinod Kumar Shukla to Hindi literature?

Key Takeaways:

• The 88-year-old creator of novels equivalent to Naukar ki Kameez, a couple of clerk pressured to undergo skilled hierarchies, and Khilega Toh Dekhenge, a couple of trainer who arrives in a village with eccentric residents, is the Twelfth Hindi author to win the award and the primary from Chhattisgarh.

• He stated in an announcement after the announcement, “I’ve seen rather a lot (in life), heard rather a lot and felt rather a lot however I might write solely somewhat. After I consider how a lot I wanted to put in writing… It seems like rather a lot stays. Until I stay (alive), I wish to full my remaining writings however I could not be capable of end my work… On account of this, I’m in a fantastic dilemma. I wish to pursue my life by means of my writing, however my life is quickly approaching its finish and I don’t know how one can write that quick, so I really feel a bit regretful.”

• Away from literary centres, Shukla spent a lot of his life in Chhattisgarh, making an attempt to look at individuals, their abnormal lives, their unremarkable existence, and their seek for hope. His path to literature was paved by a failure in Hindi examination when he was a Twelfth-grade pupil. “If I had not failed in Hindi, I might be a health care provider or engineer,” he stated within the 2020 interview.

• Shukla was born in 1937 to a mom who learn aloud Bengali literature at dwelling. In Shukla’s early 20s, when Hindi author Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh got here to his village, Rajnandgaon, he confirmed him a few of his poems. Quickly he began publishing in reputed magazines like Pustak Kriti and moved to Jabalpur for a grasp’s diploma in agriculture.

Do You Know:

• The Jnanpith Award, instituted in 1961 by the Bharatiya Jnanpith, is the oldest and most prestigious literary accolade in India. It honors authors for his or her distinctive contributions to literature in Indian languages listed within the Eighth Schedule of the Structure, with English being included from the forty ninth award onwards.

• The award is just not given posthumously, guaranteeing that it acknowledges dwelling writers for his or her literary excellence.

• The Jnanpith award carries with it a money of Rs 11 lakh, a bronze statue of the Hindu Goddess Vagdevi and a quotation.

Different Necessary Articles Masking the identical matter:

📍Hindi author Vinod Kumar Shukla turns into first from Chhattisgarh to win ‘Jnanpith Award’ — ‘A lot to put in writing but so little time’

UPSC Prelims Follow Query Masking related theme:

(3) Which of the next pairs of litterateurs gained the 58th Jnanpith Award?

(a) Javed Akhtar and Jagadguru Rambhadracharya

(b) Damodar Mauzo and Javed Akhtar

(c) Damodar Mauzo and Gulzar

(d) Gulzar and Jagadguru Rambhadracharya

SARS-CoV2 virus nonetheless circulating, however very weak: Specialists

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide and worldwide significance, Financial and Social Growth. 

Mains Examination: Normal Research-II: Authorities insurance policies and interventions for improvement in varied sectors and points arising out of their design and implementation.

What’s the continuing story: 5 years after it precipitated the worst world healthcare disaster in over a century, the Covid-19 virus continues to be in circulation, infecting individuals, although its capacity to trigger a severe illness is severely weakened.

Key Factors to Ponder:

• What’s a pandemic? How is it totally different from an epidemic?

• What are the standards utilized by WHO to declare a pandemic?

• What’s SARS-CoV2 virus?

• What’s the reason behind transmission of COVID-19?

• What was the influence of the Covid pandemic on varied sectors?

• How have been COVID-19 vaccines developed?

• What measures have been taken to mitigate the influence of COVID-19 throughout the pandemic?

• What are the collective measures taken on the world stage?

• Look at the influence of zoonotic illnesses on public well being and biodiversity.

• Analyse India’s preparedness for rising zoonotic illnesses.

Key Takeaways:

• This week, 5 years in the past, India entered right into a 21-day nationwide lockdown, the strictest section of restrictions. In Could 2023, the WHO declared that Covid-19 was now not a world well being emergency. However the virus has not disappeared. It’s nonetheless very a lot in circulation, in India as effectively.

• “That is how viruses evolve. It isn’t shocking that SARS-CoV2 has turn out to be very weak now. It might in all probability nonetheless not be thought of as benign because the flu virus, which has been round for very lengthy, nevertheless it is kind of in the identical class,” stated Shahid Jameel, a virologist and Fellow at Inexperienced Templeton Faculty, College of Oxford in UK.

• The WHO, in its newest bulletin, has reported 1,47,000 new circumstances and 4,500 deaths the world over throughout the 28-day interval between January 6 and February 2 this 12 months. The circumstances have been reported from 83 nations, whereas deaths occurred in 23 nations.

• Rajesh Karyakarte, a member of Maharashtra Covid activity power, stated SARS-CoV-2 had transitioned right into a extra endemic state, just like influenza, and was circulating commonly at decrease and extra predictable ranges in comparison with the preliminary pandemic section.

Do You Know:

• The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2) that causes the  COVID-19 illness is surrounded by a fatty outer layer (“envelope”) and on the floor of this layer is the “corona” (crown) of spikes fabricated from protein. 

Floor of SARS-CoV2, with a spike protein molecule emphasised. (Supply: Max Planck Institute)

• On the floor of human cells is an enzyme referred to as ACE2, which acts because the receptor that allows SARS-CoV2 to launch its assault. The virus’s spike protein binds to the receptor, then fuses with the cell floor, and releases its genetic materials (RNA within the case of SARS-CoV2) into the cell. The coronavirus that causes SARS, referred to as SARS-CoV, makes use of the identical ACE2 receptor to invade a cell. As soon as inside, the virus replicates itself by utilizing the cell’s molecular mechanism. All these levels contain varied interactions between virus proteins and human proteins.

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📍 What was the primary pandemic of recent India?

📍Making ready for the following pandemic: what NITI Aayog report says

Earlier 12 months UPSC Prelims/Mains Query Masking related theme:

(4) Within the context of vaccines manufactured to forestall COVID-19 pandemic, think about the next statements: (UPSC CSE 2022)

1. The Serum Institute of India produced a COVID-19 vaccine named Covishield utilizing an mRNA platform.

2. Sputnik. V vaccine is manufactured utilizing a vector-based platform.

3. COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen-based vaccine.

Which of the statements given above are appropriate?

(a) 1 and 2 solely

(b) 2 and 3 solely

(c) 1 and 3 solely

(d) 1, 2 and 3

OPINION 

Centuries in the past, when the Indians arrived in Mauritius 

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide and worldwide significance

Mains Examination: Normal Research II: Bilateral, regional and world groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s pursuits. Impact of insurance policies and politics of developed and creating nations on India’s pursuits, Indian diaspora.

What’s the continuing story: Divya A writes- “On March 11, Prime Minister Narendra Modi turned the primary Indian to obtain the best civilian honour in Mauritius — the Grand Commander of the Order of the Star and Key of the Indian Ocean — from the island nation’s Prime Minister Navinchandra Ramgoolam.”

Key Factors to Ponder:

• What’s the historical past of India and Mauritius relations?

• Who have been the indentured labourers in Mauritius?

• India and Mauritius share deep cultural and historic ties-Talk about.

• What’s the strategic significance of Mauritius in India’s SAGAR coverage?

• What are the potential advantages of the improved strategic partnership between India and Mauritius for each nations within the coming years?

• How does the MAHASAGAR doctrine mirror India’s evolving maritime imaginative and prescient within the Indian Ocean Area?

• What’s the situation of Chagos archipelago? What’s India’s stand on it?

• With rising Chinese language affect within the Indian Ocean, critically look at how India’s partnership with Mauritius can act as a counterbalancing power to safe its maritime pursuits.

• Map Work: Chagos archipelago, Agalega islands and Mauritius (Refer Atlas)

Key Takeaways:

• “Lengthy earlier than Mahatma Gandhi made a pit cease in Mauritius in 1901, whereas on his approach to India from South Africa, his countrymen had landed on the shores of the island nation within the 1700s itself. Throughout his go to, from October 29, 1901, to November 15, 1901, the Mahatma had three messages for the Indian labourers, largely from Bihar, residing within the island nation: the significance of training, political empowerment and staying related with India.”

• “The primary documented arrival of Indians in Mauritius dates again to 1729 — whereas it was below French occupation — when Indians artisans and masons have been despatched off to the nation from Puducherry, then a French colony in India.”

• “Between 1834 and the early 1900s, Mauritius was below British occupation. Throughout that point, almost half 1,000,000 indentured Indians have been shipped there. The primary batch of 36 employees arrived there on November 2, 1834, on a ship named Atlas. To at the present time, November 2 is noticed as ‘Aapravasi Diwas’ in Mauritius. About two-thirds of those employees would settle in Mauritius completely.”

• “At current, Mauritius has 22,188 Indian nationals and 13,198 Abroad Citizenship of India (OCI) card holders. Throughout President Droupadi Murmu’s state go to to Mauritius in March 2024, in a particular gesture, an OCI card for Mauritians with Indian lineage traceable as much as the seventh technology was introduced.”

• “In 2024, Mauritius launched a visa-free regime for Indian vacationers visiting their nation for as much as a month. Earlier than Covid, round 80,000 Indian vacationers visited Mauritius yearly. Mauritians are entitled to a free of charge visa (issued with out consular charges) throughout their India go to. Earlier than the pandemic, 30,000 Mauritians visited India annually.”

Do You Know:

• Mauritius, a strategically situated island nation within the western Indian Ocean, is a vital neighbour for India. A key motive for the particular ties is that individuals of Indian-origin comprise almost 70% of the island’s inhabitants of 1.2 million.

• In March 2015, when PM Modi visited Mauritius, India signed a Memorandum of Understanding to enhance transport amenities at Agaléga island.

• This settlement stated that infrastructure “for enhancing sea and air connectivity on the Outer Island of Mauritius will go a great distance in ameliorating the situation of the inhabitants of this distant Island. These amenities will improve the capabilities of the Mauritian Defence Forces in safeguarding their pursuits within the Outer Island.”

• Agaléga island is situated 1,100 km north of Mauritius and is nearer to the Indian southern coast. It’s unfold over an space of 70 sq km. In February 2024, India and Mauritius collectively inaugurated the air strip and the jetty initiatives.

• The doctrine of MAHASAGAR (Mutual and Holistic Development for Safety and Progress Throughout Areas) builds on SAGAR and signifies a broadened scope of India’s maritime engagement. This perceptibly consists of not solely the fast neighbourhood but additionally extends to the broader Indo-Pacific area and connects with India’s strategic collaboration with QUAD members—the US, Japan, and Australia.

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📍As Prime Minister Modi lands in Mauritius, why the island nation issues to India

📍Skilled Explains: How the event of Agaléga figures in India’s imaginative and prescient for its maritime neighbourhood

📍India–Mauritius partnership and the brand new maritime geopolitics

Earlier 12 months UPSC Prelims Query Masking Comparable Theme:

(5) An excessive amount of International Direct Funding (FDI) to India comes from Mauritius than from many main and mature economies like UK and France. Why? (UPSC CSE 2010)

(a) India has choice for sure nations as regards receiving FDI

(b) India has double taxation avoidance settlement with Mauritius

(c) Most residents of Mauritius have ethnic id with India and in order that they really feel safe to put money into India

(d) Impending risks of world climatic change immediate Mauritius to make big investments in India.

Earlier 12 months UPSC Mains Query Masking Comparable Theme:

Why indentured labour was taken by British from India to different colonies? Have they been capable of protect their cultural id over there? (UPSC CSE 2018)

ECONOMY

‘Practically 74% fund spent however bodily progress is simply 39%?’

Syllabus:

Preliminary Examination: Present occasions of nationwide significance, Financial and Social Growth

Mains Examination: Normal Research-II, III: Authorities insurance policies and interventions, Infrastructure: Vitality, Ports, Roads, Airports, Railways and so forth.

What’s the continuing story: The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Railways has flagged the disparity over the entire expenditure and bodily progress of the works being executed below the doubling of railway traces, one of many key initiatives of the railways to extend the capability and take away visitors bottlenecks.

Key Factors to Ponder:

• What points and considerations are related to Indian Railways?

• What suggestions did the committee present to make sure the well timed completion of railway doubling initiatives? 

• What different key initiatives is Indian Railways enterprise to enhance capability and effectivity? 

• What challenges does Indian Railways face in challenge execution, and how can trendy development applied sciences assist handle these challenges?

• What initiatives have been taken by the federal government for the modernization of Indian Railways?

• What’s the position of Indian Railways in regional financial improvement?

Key Takeaways:

• The committee stated that whereas the monetary utilisation or the entire quantity spent on the doubling of railway traces as much as December 2024 (for monetary 12 months 2024-25) was 74 per cent of the finances, the bodily achievement was merely 39 per cent of the goal.

• The panel stated that the railways ought to train due diligence in figuring out and addressing obstacles to make sure seamless challenge execution.

• “This consists of streamlining land acquisition, expediting clearances, and leveraging trendy development applied sciences to facilitate the well timed completion of doubling initiatives, thereby successfully decreasing visitors congestion. The committee additionally expects the Railways to make sure full utilisation of the finances sanctioned and achievement of the bodily targets set for doubling of traces in 2024-25,” the report acknowledged.

• Other than railway line doubling, new traces, gauge conversion and observe renewals are among the many key initiatives being undertaken by the Indian Railways to take away the visitors congestion and guarantee well timed motion of trains with excessive carrying capability.

Do You Know:

• The Parliamentary Standing Committee on Railways has advisable {that a} particular focus needs to be given on enhancing the gang administration below the federal government’s Amrit Bharat Station Scheme.

• The Committee’s remark got here at a time when, on February 15, 18 individuals have been killed at New Delhi Railway Station in a stampede. The passengers have been making an attempt to board Prayagraj-bound trains for the Maha Kumbh.

• The Home panel additionally took be aware of the gradual progress of works below the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme and stated {that a} devoted activity power needs to be established to supervise challenge timelines.

• The Committee additionally directed the Railways to make sure adequate deployment of personnel to keep up clean and environment friendly passenger motion, in order that each security and comfort will be enhanced.

• Launched on December 23, 2022, the Amrit Bharat Station Scheme envisages to develop a station as a “metropolis centre”, which may have trendy facade, regulated visitors motion, well-lit, aesthetically pleasing grand porches, landscaping, and illustration of native artwork and tradition, signages and roof plazas.

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🚨 Click on Right here to learn the UPSC Necessities journal for March 2025. Share your views and ideas within the remark field or at manas.srivastava@indianexpress.com🚨

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