SoftBank’s OpenAI bet and rising debt are raising liquidity crunch concerns

SoftBank’s ascent to changing into Japan’s most respected firm has put the highlight on the conglomerate, raising questions whether or not it’s taking over an excessive amount of danger by its extremely leveraged bet on synthetic intelligence.

Shares of the Japanese expertise funding big, led by founder Masayoshi Son, have surged about 70% this 12 months on investor enthusiasm over AI, buoyed by the hovering valuation of chip designer Arm Holdings and expectations that OpenAI might see a blockbuster preliminary public providing this 12 months. 

The rally helped SoftBank dethrone Toyota in market capitalization rankings earlier this week, cementing a dramatic turnaround for an organization that just a few years in the past was reeling from losses tied to its failed WeWork bet. SoftBank’s cumulative funding losses in WeWork exceeded $14 billion.

Analysts whom CNBC spoke to warned that the market’s renewed optimism on SoftBank can be masking mounting balance-sheet dangers.

“SoftBank has made itself right into a extremely leveraged bet on AI which carries vital upside in addition to danger,” stated Gil Luria, head of expertise analysis at Davidson fairness capital markets.

The corporate participated in OpenAI’s funding spherical final 12 months at a reported $300 billion valuation and has continued to deepen its involvement. It secured a $40 billion bridge mortgage in March to assist fund further investments in OpenAI and for normal company functions.

As of the tip of 2025, SoftBank had about 16.3 trillion yen (about $104 billion) in stand-alone interest-bearing debt, in line with its monetary assertion.

S&P World in March estimated that OpenAI would account for roughly 30% of SoftBank’s funding portfolio, much like Arm Holdings’ share, following the group’s further $30 billion funding within the ChatGPT maker.

S&P World Scores revised SoftBank’s credit score outlook to unfavorable in March, saying the corporate’s asset liquidity and high quality of its portfolio, in addition to its monetary capability are “prone to deteriorate due to its further large funding in OpenAI.”

For some buyers, the priority will not be merely the quantity of debt, however the overreliance of SoftBank’s future on one firm.

“The chance profile of SoftBank is massive and getting bigger. If OpenAI fails to ship there might simply be a liquidity crunch at SoftBank,” stated Richard Windsor, founding father of fairness analysis agency Radio Free Cell.

The rising dependence on OpenAI has additionally raised questions over what occurs if enthusiasm surrounding AI valuations cools.

“If OpenAI doesn’t efficiently IPO on the present valuation or higher, that might create some strain on SoftBank given the dimensions of the publicity,” Luria stated. OpenAI’s was valued at $852 billion following a report $122 billion funding spherical in March.

Jay R. Ritter, emeritus professor on the Warrington Faculty of Enterprise, stated SoftBank’s leverage amplifies each the upside and draw back of the commerce. “Shopping for SoftBank is partly a leveraged bet on OpenAI,” he stated. “If OpenAI does nicely, leverage is nice. But when OpenAI and different investments do poorly, the leverage will damage SoftBank.”

He additionally pointed to different weak spots in SoftBank’s sprawling portfolio, together with underperforming holdings resembling Coupang and Didi, whereas noting that the corporate’s heavy losses from WeWork illustrated the risks of concentrated bets.

SoftBank by its Imaginative and prescient Fund poured billions into WeWork, as soon as among the many world’s most extremely valued startups, however the office-sharing startup’s valuation collapsed amid concerns over its enterprise mannequin and company governance. The Covid pandemic worsened its monetary troubles.

The corporate, as soon as valued at $47 billion, filed for chapter safety within the U.S. in 2023, forcing SoftBank to soak up huge losses.

Some buyers argue the dangers stay manageable. Richard Kaye, portfolio supervisor at Comgest, stated SoftBank’s property nonetheless comfortably cowl its debt obligations and that the corporate’s loan-to-value ratio stays beneath 25%.

“Softbank’s debt is sustainable as a result of its mortgage to worth ratio, its whole borrowings vs. its instantly fungible fairness worth, is beneath 25%,” Kaye stated, including that lenders stay prepared to increase financing towards SoftBank’s fairness holdings.

He stated an OpenAI disappointment wouldn’t create a solvency situation. “An OpenAI disappointment would present as a one-off markdown, however needn’t create a liquidity crunch since SoftBank holds sufficient fairness to offset such losses.”

Son, in a current interview with CNBC, defended SoftBank’s aggressive push into AI, calling the expertise revolution “50x larger” than the dot-com increase and arguing that any future correction in AI-related shares would signify a shopping for alternative quite than a structural menace.

SoftBank didn’t instantly reply to CNBC’s request for remark.